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1.
ARS med. (Santiago, En línea) ; 48(2): 29-31, 28 jun. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1451983

ABSTRACT

El enfrentamiento de estridor en el Servicio de Urgencias puede ser un desafío para el clínico. La mayoría de los pacientes responderán a medidas estándar de anafilaxia, no obstante, ante pacientes refractarios a tratamiento se deben sospechar otras patologías. Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente refractaria a manejo de anafilaxia. Se realiza videolaringoscopía que identifica quiste de vallécula y se maneja mediante protección de vía aérea con intubación orotraqueal. Se decide escisión quirúrgica, en la cual se identifica estenosis subglótica que requiere instalación de traqueostomía. La paciente evoluciona favorablemente y es dada de alta.


Coping with stridor in the Emergency Department can challenge the clinician. Most patients respond to standard anaphylaxis measures. The clinician should suspect other differential diagnoses when patients are refractory to treatment. We present the clinical case of a patient refractory to standard anaphylaxis management. A video laryngoscopy was performed, identifying a vallecula cyst. We secured the airway through orotracheal intubation. The surgical team of our hospital performed a surgical excision of the cyst and identified subglottic stenosis, which required the installation of a tracheostomy. The patient evolved favorably in the postoperative period and was discharged.

2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 145(1): 33-40, ene. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-845501

ABSTRACT

Background: Adverse effects of medications are an important cause of morbidity and hospital admissions. Errors in prescription or preparation of medications by pharmacy personnel are a factor that may influence these occurrence of the adverse effects Aim: To assess the frequency and type of errors in prescriptions and in their preparation at the pharmacy unit of a regional public hospital. Material and Methods: Prescriptions received by ambulatory patients and those being discharged from the hospital, were reviewed using a 12-item checklist. The preparation of such prescriptions at the pharmacy unit was also reviewed using a seven item checklist. Results: Seventy two percent of prescriptions had at least one error. The most common mistake was the impossibility of determining the concentration of the prescribed drug. Prescriptions for patients being discharged from the hospital had the higher number of errors. When a prescription had more than two drugs, the risk of error increased 2.4 times. Twenty four percent of prescription preparations had at least one error. The most common mistake was the labeling of drugs with incomplete medical indications. When a preparation included more than three drugs, the risk of preparation error increased 1.8 times. Conclusions: Prescription and preparation of medication delivered to patients had frequent errors. The most important risk factor for errors was the number of drugs prescribed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Drug Compounding , Prescription Drugs/adverse effects , Inappropriate Prescribing/adverse effects , Inappropriate Prescribing/statistics & numerical data , Medication Errors/adverse effects , Medication Errors/statistics & numerical data , Outpatients , Drug Prescriptions/classification , Cross-Sectional Studies , Public Sector , Inappropriate Prescribing/classification , Hospitals , Medication Errors/classification
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 142(12): 1547-1552, dic. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-734861

ABSTRACT

Background: Adverse effects of medications are an important source of morbidity. Prescription and dispensing errors are an important cause of these adverse effects. Aim: To adapt and validate two checklists, one to measure errors in handwritten prescriptions and other to detected errors in the medication dispensing process of hospital pharmacies for outpatient care. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in three stages. First, checklists for medication errors developed elsewhere were adapted. Afterwards, the checklists were reviewed by experts. Finally, the inter and intra-observer reliability of each checklist was assessed, testing them in 32 occasions by two independent observers. Results: The checklists for medication prescription and dispensing were composed by 12 and seven items, respectively. They were corrected according to experts’ opinions. The intraclass correlations of the results of each tester were 0.68 and 0.82 for the prescription and dispensing error checklists, respectively. Conclusions: The developed checklists for the detection of errors in prescription and dispensing of medications are reliable en can be applied in future studies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Checklist , Drug Prescriptions , Medication Errors/prevention & control , Pharmacy Service, Hospital/organization & administration , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Inappropriate Prescribing/prevention & control , Reproducibility of Results
4.
Arch. alerg. inmunol. clin ; 45(1): 23-29, 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-916677

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes. Existen diferentes pruebas de laboratorio en las que se apoya el alergólogo dentro del abordaje de la rinitis alérgica, que varían en sus ventajas y desventajas, debiendo debiendo correlacionar su prescripción con la clínica del paciente y valorando costo-beneficio. Objetivos. Determinar la utilidad diagnóstica de IgE sérica total, eosinófilos en moco nasal, eosinófilos séricos y pruebas cutáneas para identificar a los pacientes alérgicos. Material y métodos. Se revisaron laboratorios de 400 pacientes con rinitis alérgica y de 57 con rinitis no alérgica, se describieron las variables sexo, edad, niveles séricos de IgE y eosinófilos séricos totales, la frecuencia de positividad de las diferentes pruebas, significación estadística, utilidad diagnóstica, así como correlación y concordancia de las diferentes pruebas de laboratorio y las pruebas cutáneas. Resultados. Se observó diferencia significativa en los niveles de IgE sérica total (p<0,001) y de eosinófilos séricos totales (p<0,001) entre ambos grupos; ambas pruebas muestran baja sensibilidad. Las pruebas cutáneas tienen la mayor sensibilidad y especificidad en el diagnóstico de rinitis alérgica; la correlación entre las diferentes pruebas de laboratorio y las pruebas cutáneas fue en general baja siendo con la IgE sérica total la que mostró mayor correlación 0,20 (p<0,001). Conclusiones. Debido a su baja sensibilidad y concordancia con las pruebas cutáneas, los exámenes IgE sérica total, eosinófilos séricos y eosinófilos en moco nasal no deben solicitarse como pruebas de tamizaje para identificar a pacientes alérgicos.(AU)


Background. There are different diagnosis tests in the approach of a patient suffering from allergic rhinitis; these have pros and cons, allergists should request them considering symptoms and cost-benefit. Objectives. Determine diagnosis utility from total IgE, eosinophils in nasal mucus, eosinophils-cells and skin prick test to identify allergy patients. Materials and methods. We mesured total IgE, eosinophils in nasal mucus, eosinophils-cells and skin prick test in 400 patients with allergic rhinitis and 57 with no allergic rinitis. We described sex, age, total IgE y eosinophils-cells, the positive frequency and stadistic significance, diagnostic value, correlation and concordance of different diagnosis tests. Results. Total IgE (p<0.001) and eosinophils in nasal mucus (p=0.005) showed significant difference, however both test showed low sensibility. The skin prick tests have more sensibility and specificity than others diagnosis tests, the greater concordance was between skin prick test and total IgE. The correlation between three test and skin prick test was low. Total IgE showed greater correlation 0.20 (p<0.001) than other test. Conclusions. Total IgE, eosinophils in nasal mucus, eosinophils-cells should not routilnely because have of its low sensibility and concordance.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Skin Tests , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Rhinitis, Allergic , Immunoglobulin E , Eosinophils
5.
Cuad. méd.-soc. (Santiago de Chile) ; 50(4): 315-321, dic. 2010. mapas, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-588461

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Caracterizar los nuevos episodios de VIF durante el 2008 en la Comuna de Quinchao, provincia de Chiloé. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo-retrospectivo, en el cuál se analizaron las denuncias por VIF en Carabineros y en Tribunal Mixto durante el 2008. Se utilizó información de Carabineros, y de los archivos de causas procesadas y sentencias dictadas en dicho Tribunal. Resultados: De 231 acusaciones presentadas al Tribunal de Familia, 90 correspondieron a delitos por VIF. De este número, 36 no finalizaron el proceso judicial. Treinta y ocho casos presentaron VIF psicológica, agregándose física en 16 de ellos. Destaca que 43 de las 54 acusaciones presentaron consumo de alcohol concomitante. En relación al género, la mayoría de los agresores son hombres y la mayoría de las relaciones victima-victimario son de pareja (38/54).Conclusiones: Los resultados no son comparables a los nacionales por la metodología empleada. Sin embargo pudieran entrever rasgos de la idiosincrasia local, como son patrones de violencia masculina perpetuados, en parte, por el aislamiento geográfico.


Objective: To characterize the new episodes of IFV in 2008 in the Commune of Quinchao of the Province of Chiloé. Methodology: This is a retrospective descriptive study; charges of intrafamilial violence brought to the police and to the relevant judicial court during 2008 were analyzed. We utilized official information from the local police station and from the court files on cases and verdicts. Results: Of all the 231 accusations presented to the Family Court, 90 (90/231) concerned to intra familiar violence crimes. From this number, 36 of them didn’t finish the judicial process. Thirty eight presented psychological violence and 16 also had physical violence. Notably, in 43 of the se 54 cases accusations were alcohol consumption involved. Relating to the gender, most of the aggressors were men and most of the relationships between the victim and the aggressor were a couple (38/54). Conclusions: the results are similar to the national ones, but show some noveltys: the population study idiosyncrasy presents patterns of masculine violence perpetuated, in part, by the geographic isolation of the area.


Subject(s)
Humans , Domestic Violence , Spouse Abuse , Substance-Related Disorders , Chile
6.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 23(4): 259-263, oct.-dic. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, INS-PERU | ID: lil-477870

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar los niveles de resistencia a temephos y deltametrina en cinco poblaciones naturales de Aedesaegypti del norte de Perú (La Libertad y Piura), dos cepas de Anopheles albimanus (Sullana y Tambogrande) y unacepa de Lutzomyía spp (Santiago de Chuco, La Libertad). Materiales y métodos: Se realizaron bioensayos en larvasy adultos siguiendo la metodología de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. La visualización de bandas de B-esterasasse hizo por electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida en larvas de cuarto estadio. Resultados: Las poblaciones de Ae.aegypti de Sullana y Tambogrande (Piura) presentaron factores de resistencia (FR) a temephos de 6,84 con un KDT50= 160,42 minutos y 70 de mortalidad a las 24 horas; en tanto en la población de Tambogrande se observó un FR de5,60, KDT50 = 107,20 y 80 de mortalidad, a diferencia de las cepas de La Esperanza, El Porvenir y Florencia de Mora(La Libertad) que fueron susceptibles. Se identificó resistencia en las poblaciones de Ae. aegypti y A. albimanus procedentesde Piura (Tambogrande y Sullana) para deltametrina, a diferencia de las poblaciones de Ae.aegypti y Lutzomyiaspp de La Libertad que fueron susceptibles. Se identificó la esterasa B2 con un Rf de 0,23 en la población de Ae. aegyptide Sullana. Conclusiones: Dada la susceptibilidad de la población de La Libertad al insecticida temephos, puede seguirsiendo usado en el control vectorial de Aedes aegypti; por lo contrario, dada la resistencia observada en poblaciones deAnopheles en Sullana y Tambogrande se debe evaluar el uso de la deltametrina en estas poblaciones. Finalmente, lapoblación de Lutzomyia spp. no presentó resistencia a deltametrina.


Objective: To determine resistance levels to temephos and deltamethrin in native populations of the following insects: Aedes aegypti (La Libertad and Piura), Anopheles albimanus strains (Sullana and Tambogrande), and Lutzomyia spp. (Santiago de Chuco) in Northern Peru. Materials and methods: Bioassays in larvae and adults were performed following the methodology designed by the World Health Organization. B-estearase band visualization in fourth-stage larvae was performed using electrophoresis in a polyacrylamide gel. Results: A. aegypti from Sullana had a 6,84 resistance factor (RF) to temephos, a KDT50 = 107,20 minutes and 70% mortality rate at 24 hours; while the Tambogrande mosquito population had a 5,50 RF, a KDT50 = 98,35, and 80% mortality rate at 24 hours. These results were different from what was found in La Esperanza, El Porvenir, and Tambo de Mora mosquito strains, which were reported as susceptible to temephos. Deltamethrin resistance was reported in A. aegypti and A. albimanus from Piura (Tambogrande and Sullana), differently from La Libertad A. aegypti and Lutzomyia mosquito populations, which were reported as susceptible. B2 estearase was identified with a 0,23 RF in A. aegypti from Sullana. Conclusions: Given that mosquitoes from La Libertad are susceptible to temephos, this agent may still be used for Aedes aegypti vector control; on the contrary, considering observed resistance in Anopheles populations in Sullana and Tambogrande, the use of deltamethrin must be assessed in these areas. Finally, Lutzomyia spp. populations did not show deltamethrin resistance.


Subject(s)
Insecticide Resistance , Aedes , Anopheles , Vector Control of Diseases , Psychodidae , Peru
7.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 132(11): 1355-1361, nov. 2004. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-391839

ABSTRACT

Background: There is a paucity of information about the epidemiology of acute renal failure in Chile. Aim: To perform a prospective multicentric survey of severe acute renal failure in Chile. Material and methods: All patients admitted to ten hospitals in Metropolitan Santiago, during a period of six months with severe acute renal failure, were studied. The criteria for severity was the requirement of renal replacement therapy. All patients information was gathered in special forms and the type of renal replacement therapy and evolution was registeres. Results: One hundred fourteen patients were studied (65 males, age range 18 to 87 years). The calculated incidence of acute renal failure was 1.03 cases per 1000 hospital discharges. The onset was nosocomial in 79 subjects (69%) and community acquired in the rest. Renal failure was oliguric in 64 cases (56%) and in 60% of patients it had two or more causative factors. Sepsis, isolated or combined with other causes, was present in 51 of patients. Other causes included ischemia in 47%, surgery in 26%, exogenous toxicity in 25%, endocenous toxicity in 11%, acute glomerular damage in 6% and obstructive uropathy in 6%. Cardiac surgery was responsible for 47% of post operative cases of acute renal failure. Intermittent conventional hemodialysis, continuous renal replacement techniques and daily prolonged hemodialysis were used in 66%, 29% and 2% of patients, respectively. Overall mortality was 45% and it was higher in oliguric patients. Gender, age, cause or the type of therapy did not influence survival. Nine percent of surviving patients had some degree of kidney dysfunction at discharge. Conclusions: There is still a great space for prevention of severe acute renal failure in Chile, considering the main etiologies found in this study.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Acute Kidney Injury , Chile/epidemiology , Renal Dialysis , Urban Health/statistics & numerical data
8.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 132(11): 1425-1430, nov. 2004. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, MINSALCHILE | ID: lil-391849

ABSTRACT

There is a growing dissatisfaction among physicians towards their professional practice. This article tries to identify causes of this dissatisfaction and to explain the fears that physicians experience during their practice. The authors pose the hypothesis that physicians have non resolved internal problems with the application of technological advances and that medical practice has not changed along with the dramatic social changes that have occurred in the last decades. Medical organizations work in a confusing environment. Considering the main characteristics of medical work, the causes of difficulties and the reasons to explain the slowness of physicians to identify the problems and react, are analyzed. Finally some solutions are proposed to overcome this crisis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Job Satisfaction , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/standards
10.
Rev. méd. Costa Rica Centroam ; 66(549): 155-60, 1999.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-257372

ABSTRACT

La Video-Toracoscopía es un procedimiento que consiste en la inspección, toma de muestras y tratamiento de algunas condiciones patológicas de los órganos del tórax, mediante la introducción y manipulación de instrumentos quirúrgicos y ópticos especiales de la cavidad pleural. Durante los últimos años la tecnología ha sido perfeccionada no sólo desde el punto de vista óptico-eléctrico, sino con la proliferación de instrumentos sumamente ingeniosos y versátiles que han permitido el ataque de condiciones antes tratables solamente mediante la cirugía torácica convencional. Con el uso de este abordaje, el paciente experimenta mucho menos dolor, se recupera prontamente y egresa más rápido. Una desventaja obvia es la alta inversión inicial para obtener el equipo y la compra de material rehusable en cada caso. Debido a la falta de estos equipos en nuestros hospitales, los médicos costarricenses vamos haciendo nuestra experiencia muy despacio, ya que básicamente ésta se consigue solo en la práctica privada


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Pleura/surgery , Pleura/pathology , Thoracoscopy , General Surgery , Thoracic Surgery , Thoracic Surgical Procedures , Costa Rica
11.
Rev. méd. Costa Rica Centroam ; 63(535): 77-80, abr.-jun. 1996. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-202835

ABSTRACT

Se estudiaron trece pacientes tratados quirúrgicamente por pericarditis constrictiva, en el servicio de Cirugía Cardíaca del Hospital México. Fueron especial interés, la etiología en cada caso, siendo la TB la causa mas frecuentemente observada, y los síntomas recopilados de relevancia clínica. Se observó un predominio del sexo femenino en un 61 por ciento (n:8) con una edad promedio de 34 a. La cirugía practicada fue la pericardiectomía parcial por abordaje subxifoideo en el 47 por ciento de los casos, y un abordajetransesternal en un 53 por ciento, este último con mejores resultados en cuanto a mortalidad operatoria que fue del 0 por ciento. La mortalidad global fue del 23 por ciento (n:3), y estuvo relacionada directamente con la enfermedad subyacente. Se revisa la literatura y se comentan los abordajes incluyendo el uso de circulación extracopórea.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Pericarditis, Constrictive/surgery , Costa Rica
12.
Rev. méd. Panamá ; 19(3): 180-185, Sept. 1994.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-409952

ABSTRACT

60 vasovasostomies were performed between june 1990 and january 1994, following the modified one layer technique, under microscopic magnification. All the patients who requested the surgical procedure were included in the present study despite their age or time after vasectomy, in order to have a non selected group. Follow up was given with sperm counts processed under similar standards and performed at 2, 4 and 6 months after the surgical procedure. Our overall experience seems to confirm that strong correlation does not exist between the surgical technique used (one layer vs two layer), but the lapse of time passed between the vasectomy and the reversal is critical. In our series a pregnancy rate of 56.6% was achieved, with a patency rate of 86.7%


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Vasovasostomy , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Time Factors , Sperm Motility , Oligospermia/epidemiology , Panama/epidemiology , Vasovasostomy/methods , Vasovasostomy/statistics & numerical data
13.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 23(2): 133-9, 1990. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-85150

ABSTRACT

To determine whether the association between mitral valve prolapse and Graves' disease is related to thyroid function, three groups of individuals were studied: 16 patients with Graves' disease and hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroid: T4 > 11.5 microng/100 ml), 16 patients with Graves' disease without hyperthyroidism (euthyroid: T4 < 11.5 microng/100 ml), and 40 healthy individuals. The three groups were similar in age, sex distribution, and anthropometrical characteristics. All apatients were evaluated clinically and by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiopgraphy to determine the presence of mitral valve prolapse. The frequency of mitral valve prolapse was similar in the hyperthyroid (31%) and euthyroid patients (25%), but was higher than in the normal individuals (5%). The frequency of systolic murmur was in the hyperthyroid patients (75%) than the euthyroid patients (19%) or the normal subjects (0%); however, the presence of a murmur was not associated with mitral valve prolapse. Although patients with Graves' disease have a higher frequency of mitral valve prolapse, this is not associated with thyroid function. The presence of a click but not the presence of a systolic murmur may be a clinical indicator of mitral valve prolapse in Graves' disease


Subject(s)
Graves Disease/complications , Mitral Valve Prolapse/etiology , Thyroid Gland/physiopathology , Echocardiography , Hyperthyroidism/physiopathology , Mitral Valve Prolapse/diagnosis , Prognosis , Prospective Studies
14.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 17(2): 135-40, ago. 1989. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-82455

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar si los efectos adversos del fenobarbital en relación a metabolismo fosfocálcico y hepatotoxicidad se acentúan cuando se agrega al cuadro clínico un déficit nutricional. También se determinó la fracción de droga libre del fármaco y su relación con los niveles de albúmina sérica. Se encontró un número importante de niños con estado nutricional normal que presentaba hipoalbuminemia (24,1%), hipofosfatemia (20,7%) y actividad aumentada de las fosfatasas alcalinas (44,8%) y de la transaminasa glutámico oxaloacética (32,1%). Al comparar este grupo con el de los pacientes con déficit nutricional avanzado, se encontró diferencia significativa sólo en relación a fósforo (p<0,025), encontrando un 46,2% con hipofosfatemia y un 42,8% con hipoalbuminemia. Ambos estados nutricionales no mostraron cambios significativos en la fracción de droga libre, no constituyéndose así en otro factor de riesgo


Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Humans , Male , Female , Nutritional Status , Phenobarbital/adverse effects , Calcium/metabolism , Phosphorus/metabolism , Protein-Energy Malnutrition
16.
Salud pública Méx ; 23(1): 43-47, 1981.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-11583

ABSTRACT

Se estudiaron 91 niños con amigdalitis aguda recurrente y antiestreptolisinas elevadas, quienes por muestreo aleatorio simple fueron divididos en dos grupos (I y II). En el grupo 1 (46 pacientes) se administró bajo control estricto penicilina procaínica durante cuatro días y al quinto día penicilina benzatfnica seguida de una dosis cada 15 días hasta completar seis meses, a los casos pista y a sus convivientes can amigdalitis aguda recurrente; los convivientes con estreptococo beta hemolíticc en la faringe o con antiestreptolisinas elevadas recibieron una dosis única de penicilina benzatínica. En el grupo II los casos pista (45) y sus convivientes con amigdalitis aguda recurrente recibieron tratamiento no supervisado con penicilina, prescrito por su médico familiar por un periodo mínimo de 10 días. Después de una etapa de observación de ocho meses encontrarnos curación de la amigdalitis aguda recurrente en 41 runos del grupo I (89.1%) y en 7 del grupo 11 (15.6% ) (P < 0.005). El resto de los casos en los dos grupos (10.9% y 84.4%) continuaron padeciendo episodios de amigdalitis con frecuencia similar a la que presentaban antes del estudio. Por otra parte, hubo descenso de las antiestreptolisinas y desaparición del estreptococo en un alto porcentaje de los niños del grupo I, mientras que en un gran número de casos del grupo II el título de antiestreptolisinas permaneció elevado. Los resultados anteriores demuestran que con el tratamiento familiar supervisado es posible lograr la curación de la amigdalitis aguda recurrente y la infección estreptocócica en un alto porcentaje de los casos en que las dos situaciones coexisten


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Penicillins , Tonsillitis , Recurrence , Antistreptolysin
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